Serial Communication Introduction max. Embedded. Serial Communication Introduction. Hey folks Guess what Its now time for one of the most desired tutorials on max. Embedded the Serial Communication series In these series, we will discuss the basic concepts of serial communication the loopback test, the USARTUART of AVR and then we will proceed towards implementing the SPI and I2. C in AVR. This post will cover the basics of serial communication and will be mostly a theoretical topic. What Does A Serial File Transfer Cable Look Like' title='What Does A Serial File Transfer Cable Look Like' />We will do some practical stuff from next tutorial onwards. Lets have a glance at the contents. Contents. What is Communication Before we move on to serial communication, lets discuss a bit about communication in general. In simple terms, communication is an exchange of ideas between two individuals. Ideas can be anything and in any form they could be writtenspoken words, in form of media like audiovideo, or if you like sci fi, then it can also in form of telepathyHow To Use This Manual. This is the manual for apcupsd, a daemon for communicating with UPSes Uninterruptible Power Supplies made by American Power Conversion. What Is a Serial ATA SATA Cable SATA Cables, Connectors, and More on the Serial ATA Standard. October 1996. What You Need to Know About Pegasus, Microsofts Upcoming Handheld Device. Jeffrey Richter. Jeffrey Richter wrote Advanced Windows Microsoft Press. USB, short for Universal Serial Bus, is an industry standard that defines cables, connectors and communications protocols for connection, communication, and power. Learning about serial communication concept and history. Simple to understand examples and experiment for UART, RS232, Ethernet, Wifi, USB, SPI, I2C. Download page for the LabVIEW 2013 RunTime Engine 32bit for Windows. As for streaming TV, youll need to sign up for a Sling TV subscription. Sling offers two streaming packages. The Orange package, at 20, streams channels like ESPN. QVSUSB-LINK_LR.jpg' alt='What Does A Serial File Transfer Cable Look Like' title='What Does A Serial File Transfer Cable Look Like' />But what does communication between two microcontrollers mean Its simple An exchange of data bits There are many protocols for communication which would be discussed later but all of them are based on either serial communication or parallel communication. Why do we need Communication Lets take an example. As kids, we all must have played with those remote controlled toy cars and airplanes. It was pretty fun and fascinating at that time. I am sure that most of us at that time didnt try to figure out how it was possible How could the remote control device in your hand control the car or the aeroplane Well, of course, the device in your hand sends some data, which is received by the caraeroplane. There is a microcontroller onboard the toy, which interprets the signals and acts accordingly. Correct So far so good, but now it doesnt end here. As grown ups, there are a few more questions which should arise Like how does the device send the signal From where is the signal being sent What is actually being sent Who receives it How is it processedLets take another example. This ones a more common example. You have a file in your mobile and you would like to share it with your friend who is sitting next to youHow would you do it Bluetooth, IR, NFC, LAN or email Mostly people would use Bluetooth. IR is obsolete, NFC is still in developmental phase and isnt available in most devices, LAN needs a Wi. FiLAN network whereas email requires an active Internet connection. The same questions can be put forth here as well how is it send, from where is it sent and to where, what is being sent and how is it processedWell, this is why communication is required And to answer all those questions, several communication protocols have been developed Now lets discuss a little about serial and parallel communication. Serial Communication. Serial Transfer. In Telecommunication and Computer Science, serial communication is the process of sendingreceiving data in one bit at a time. It is like you are firing bullets from a machine gun to a target thats one bullet at a time Parallel Communication. Parallel Transfer. Parallel communication is the process of sendingreceiving multiple data bits at a time through parallel channels. It is like you are firing using a shotgun to a target where multiple bullets are fired from the same gun at a time Serial vs Parallel Communication. Now lets have a quick look at the differences between the two types of communications. Serial Communication. MXT106.C.jpg' alt='What Does A Serial File Transfer Cable Look Like' title='What Does A Serial File Transfer Cable Look Like' />Parallel Communication. One data bit is transceived at a time. Multiple data bits are transceived at a time. Slower. 2. Faster. Less number of cables required to transmit data. Higher number of cables required. Serial vs Parallel. So these were the basic differences between serial and parallel communication. From the above differences, one would obviously think that parallel communication is far better than serial communication. But wait, these are just the basic differences. Before we proceed further, we need to be acquainted with a few terminologies Bit Rate It is the number of bits that are transmitted sentreceived per unit time. Clock Skew In a parallel circuit, clock skew is the time difference in the arrival of two sequentially adjacent registers. To explain it further, let us take the machine gun example again. When, say around 5 people are firing at the same time, there is bound to be a time difference in the arrival of the bullet from the first shooter and that from the second shooter and so on. This time difference is what we call clock skew. This is better illustrated in the picture below There is a time lag in the data bits through different channels of the same bus. Clock skew is inevitable due to differences in physical conditions of the channels, like temperature, resistance, path length, etc. Crosstalk Phenomenon by which a signal transmitted on one channel of a transmission bus creates an undesired effect in another channel. Undesired capacitive, inductive, or conductive coupling is usually what is called crosstalk, from one circuit, part of a circuit, or channel, to another. It can be seen from the following diagram that clock skew and crosstalk are inevitable. Major Factors Limiting Parallel Communication. Before the development of high speed serial technologies, the choice of parallel links over serial links was driven by these factors Speed Superficially, the speed of a parallel link is equal to bit ratenumber of channels. In practice, clock skew reduces the speed of every link to the slowest of all of the links. Cable length Crosstalk creates interference between the parallel lines, and the effect only magnifies with the length of the communication link. This limits the length of the communication cable that can be used. These two are the major factors, which limit the use of parallel communication. Advantages of Serial over Parallel. Although a serial link may seem inferior to a parallel one, since it can transmit less data per clock cycle, it is often the case that serial links can be clocked considerably faster than parallel links in order to achieve a higher data rate. A number of factors allow serial to be clocked at a higher rate Clock skew between different channels is not an issue for un clocked asynchronous serial communication links. A serial connection requires fewer interconnecting cables e. The extra space allows for better isolation of the channel from its surroundings. Crosstalk is not a much significant issue, because there are fewer conductors in proximity. In many cases, serial is a better option because it is cheaper to implement. Many ICs have serial interfaces, as opposed to parallel ones, so that they have fewer pins and are therefore less expensive. It is because of these factors, serial communication is preferred over parallel communication. How is Data sent Serially Since we already know what are registers and data bits, we would now be talking in these terms only. If not, I would recommend you to first take a detour and go through the introduction of this post by Mayank. When a particular data set is in the microcontroller, it is in parallel form, and any bit can be accessed irrespective of its bit number. Windows 7 Activation Permanently Rar. When this data set is transferred into the output buffer to be transmitted, it is still in parallel form. This output buffer converts this data into Serial data PISO Parallel In Serial Out, MSB Most Significant Bit first or LSB Least Significant Bit first as according to the protocol. The Tornado File and Data Transfer Tool   Windows does not detect The Tornado File Transfer Tool Windows Versions Make sure the operating system is Windows 9. SE or higher. When using Windows 9. SE, make sure the proper drivers are installed. See the section on Windows 9. SE starting on page 8 of this user guide If you do not know what Windows operating system version you are using, go to your Control Panel, click on System and view the info on the General tab. Auto. Run Disabled Go to My Computer to see if The Tornado is present. When Auto. Run is disabled on the computer, the tool may be connected but not detected by the computer. If you do not see The Tornado icon in My Computer then go to http support. The. Tornado. com and follow the steps shown in the how to check if the Auto. Run function is on. USB Cabling Make sure the USB cable fits properly. The cable should be firmly in place, but not so tight force must be used to plug in. If the cable s connector or the computer A loose cable will cause erratic behavior in any USB device. USB Port Conflict or Other Problem Some USB ports on the front panel of a desktop tower or machine do not support peripheral devices like The Tornado. This is due to poor wiringshielding from the motherboard. This is particularly true of older desktops. Try inserting The Tornado in a rear USB port. USB Hubs. Hub Overloading If using a USB hub, and other devices are connected to that hub, there may not be enough power to power all the devices. While the computer USB port supplies plenty of power for The Tornado by itself, sometimes even powered hubs can be overwhelmed by power hungry devices such as USB hard drives, external CD drives, tape drives, etc. Before doing anything else, try removing some, or all other devices from the hub. Then unplug and re connect The Tornado Tool. Test Hub If you are using a USB hub, check the hub itself, it may be the cause of the problem. Unplug the hub from the computer, then plug The Tornado directly to the computer. Try using a different computer USB port. Older Machines When connecting to an older machine, keep in mind older machines are much slower and require patience. Try waiting a few minutes after you plug in the tool before you decide that something is wrong. System Busy Sometimes a computer is busy doing something in the background. The computer may fail to notice a change in USB devices. To test this, wait until the computer is no longer busy, unplug The Tornado Tool, count to ten, plug The Tornado Tool back in. Computer Configuration Any use of the computer Device Manager is at the users own risk. It is not recommended to attempt any changes to the devices found in the Device Manager of your Windows operating system unless the user is completely familiar with this Windows screen and understands the risks involved. Consult an experienced computer technician if youDevice Manager problem. Navigate to the Device Manager. Windows XP or 2. 00. Start click Run type in devmgmt. Windows 9. 8 right click on My Computer click on the Device Manager tab. Locate USB Scroll down to Universal Serial Bus controllers, click on the little plus sign inside the square to expand. Inspect USB Icons Look at the icon next to each item listed under the Universal Serial Bus Controllers. Red X When a red X on the icon is present, either the USB hardware is missing or has been disabled. Exclamation When an exclamation point is present in the USB hardware, a conflict has occured on the Computer. Question Mark When a question mark is present in the USB hardware, the entry is unknown and Windows does not know how to deal with it. If any of the above three situations occur in the USB configuration then you have a problem with your computer. Consult a computer professional. If you see The Tornado driver is installed and working properly, then contact Data Drive Thru The. Tornado. com. Other Possibles Device Manager in Windows does not recognize The Tornado File Transfer Tool. Make sure the drive letters are available in My Computer and assigned to The Tornado File Transfer Tool. Disconnect all other USB hardware from the computer. When multiple network drives are connected, disconnect the network drives and connect only The Tornado File Transfer Tool. Reconnect the network drives after the computer has detected The Tornado File Transfer Tool. If your computer still does not recognize The Tornado then unplug the tool and re boot the problem computer. Then plug The Tornado back in to the USB port of the problem computer AFTER it has completed loading all start up applications. Then wait a couple of minutes and see if your computer finds the tool. Exclamation or Question Mark is present in the Device Manager and or the USB Host Controller. Make sure the Windows Installation Disk for the computer is available. Reinstall the drivers in the Device Manager. Install all critical updates from Microsoft. From the Device Manager remove the USB root hub followed by removal of all USB Hubs and controllers. Reboot the computer and the USB drivers will be automatically reinstalled. Note about Data Drive ThruData Drive Thru provides support for The Tornado File Transfer Tool and other Data Drive Thru products only. Computer troubleshooting and MicrosoftOur support team is happy to help you determine if the tool is working properly or not but does not provide general computer troubleshooting and repair services. Miscellaneous Slower Than Expected Speed I am not experiencing USB 2. High Speed performance. Low performance may be related to. Tool is connected to USB 1. Transferring folders with multiple files may take longer time than transferring a single file. The Computing environment is not fully optimized to meet The Tornado File Transfer Tool speed. Antivirus software may slow down the transfer of files however such software is still recommended. Copy Denied I cannot copy a file from THIS COMPUTER to the OTHER COMPUTER. Make sure the setup is not set to Read Only. To change the set up, click on System, then Set Up and uncheck the box set to Read Only. When my system comes back from hibernation or standby mode, THE TORNADO just keeps on dozing. Youre using a Windows XP operating system. This happens because Windows XP wants to conserve power, so it turns off the USB root hubs. You can change the default setting Open Control Panel, Performance and Maintenance if in Category view, System, Hardware, Device Manager, and click Universal Serial Bus controllers. Double click USB Root Hub, choose the Power Management tab, and then uncheck Allow the computer to turn off this device to save power. Repeat this procedure with each occurrence of a USB root hub. On a notebook, this will affect some battery life. Some days, my computer does not see THE TORNADO, while on other days it does. The culprit here may be over current, either on the PCs USB ports or on a powered USB hub. Over current occurs when too many power draining USB peripherals are turned on at once, causing some devices to not be seen by the PC. This glitch usually arises with devices that need power from the USB port, such as unpowered hubs, memory card readers, and flash drives. Remove all USB devices and only plug in THE TORNADO. If that doesnt work, try another USB port. When I plug THE TORNADO into my PC, it gets recognized. But when I unplug the device and then plug it back in, my system ignores it.